The Industrial School for Boys, Shirley, Massachusetts (Massachusetts Correctional System)

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A Shaker Village existed in Shirley Massachusetts from the late 1700's to the early 1900's. The site is now a prison but it started as two farms.

Shaker foundress Mother Ann Lee visited the Wilde brothers on their adjoining farms in the southern part of Shirley in 1783. Her followers saw her as the female embodiment of the Christ spirit. Her worship services were full of singing, dancing, and speaking in tongues. She preached racial and sexual equality. Believers strove to be modest, hard working, and peace loving. They confessed their sins daily to the elder or eldress. Their whole focus was on living the Godly life in every part of their day. Mother Ann also preached celibacy and this was one belief which caused conflict between the Shakers and non-Shakers. 

Many seekers of spiritual truth came to Shirley to hear her speak. A poem of  many stanzas tells of the night Mother Ann spent hiding in a closet at the Wilde's house to escape from an angry mob. In nearby Harvard, another community of Shakers was gathering. 

By 1790 there were sixty men, women, and children worshiping, working, and living together on the Wilds property. It had been decided that they could only follow the way if they lived in community, sharing their possessions, their work, and their worship every day. 
 
In 1792 they began construction of a Meetinghouse.  In 1793 they signed a covenant as a United Society of True Believers in Christ's Second Appearing.  They proceeded to enlarge the farms and shops and build large dwellings for the other families who would join them in the community.

By 1850, at their height, the Shirley Community had a Church Family with Meetinghouse, large dwelling, brick office, brick wash house, brick trustees shop, several barns, and other wooden shops and dwellings.  The North Family was the novitiate and had a three story brick shop, small office, large dwelling, the broom shop, and several barns and sheds.  The South Family, over the line in Lancaster, had an office, dwelling, shop, and barn.  This family also housed a home for the aged.  According to the state census,  there were 114 Shaker men, women and children in the Shirley Community at that time.

The Shirley Shakers were not known for their baskets, boxes, or chairs, but for their brooms, mops and applesauce.  Their community was also unique among the Shakers in that they built a large cotton manufactory on the banks of the Catacunemaug.  Then they realized that their work force was declining and they leased the factory to a company from New Bedford.  Later the buildings were sold and a cordage factory made rope in them for over one hundred years.

In 1908 the last three Shirley Shaker sisters sold the property to the state of Massachusetts who opened an Industrial School for Boys on the site.  By 1972 the reform school closed and the state opened a pre-release correctional facility in the old Shaker buildings.  In 1976 the area was put on the National register of Historic Places.  There is now a minimum, medium, and maximum security facility on the grounds of the Old Shaker Village.  There are still eight Shirley Shaker buildings on their original foundations, and three that have been moved. The prison limits visits to the site, but they are possible through special arrangement.

 

The Shirley Industrial School for Boys was a part of this town from 1909 - 1972 and was the topic of the Shirley Historical Society meeting on Friday, May 11, 2001.  Ray Farrar who worked at the school and Joe Landry whose father worked there attended the meeting and were video-taped sharing their stories.  Other former workers and State School "boys" have contacted the Museum and we have added their memories to our files. In 1908, the Shirley Shaker Community had only three Shaker sisters, 900 acres of land and twenty-six buildings.  The Shaker Central Ministry decided to close the community, sell the property, and have the sisters move to the Harvard Shaker Village.  The state of Massachusetts bought the Shaker property for an Industrial School for Boys, what we now call a reform school.  This industrial school was to take boys ages 15 - 20 and give them a house mother and a house father, give them academic schooling, and teach them manners and a trade.  The farmland and large old Shaker buildings were well suited to these purposes and were promptly fitted out with modern conveniences.

The Shirley Historical Society has census records for 1920, 1930, and 1940 listing the names of people who lived on the state property. It gives their ages and marital status, place of birth, and parents' places of birth, but not much else. The records of the boys would have been kept private by the state of Massachusetts. 

As the boys came to live at Shirley, the teachers, craftsman, office workers, and officials came to work here.  Many of them lived right on the property and later bought homes in the town of Shirley.  Following are the workers' names that we have gathered at this time.

Superintendent                  Asst. Superintendent                  Social Director 
Herbert F. Taylor                Henry Kelly                                    Brown 
Robert T. Grey                    Clarence R. Day 
Jerome Miller 
Campbell

Supervisor of Training and Education 
John W. Hastings

Assistant to Mr. Hastings 
Thomas J O’Hare

Senior Boys Supervisor                Psychologist 
Joseph McNabb                             Dr. Joseph Perry 
Fielding

Purchasing Agent          Book Keeper                  Office Manager 
Eddy Nodigian               Beatrice Landry                  Sam Johnson

Carpentry                  Electrician                          Machine Shop 
Bob Hippler                Ray Farrar                               Don Sargent 
Joe Deering                John Pelletier 
Eli Lanteigne              Athanace Landry 
Ed (Fred) Small

Painter                      Blacksmith                   Masonry 
John Strubel               Fred Herald                   Archie Paterson

Forestry                   Cooks & Bakers                 Auto Shop 
Fred Sanderson          Bill Fisher                           John Sullivan 
Paul Berjivan                                                         Joseph R. Lemieux
John Coleman 
Bill Means

Farm                       Printing                           General Classes 
Dick Trombly           Norbert Whittemore        Dan Keady 
Alf Tracy                                                           Bill Kerrigan 
Mr. Berry                                                           Al Yesue
Paul Griffin 
Harold Madigan 
Mr. Taylor

Discipline                  Nurse                       Barbershop 
Mahoney                    Hazel McNabb         Paul Badagleacca 
Paul Dickhout            Mary Madigan 
Mike O'Malley 
Mike Taylor 
Bill Dunn

Power Plant              Sewing/Tailor                  Laundry 
Ray Farrar                  John Linch                       Harold Madigan 
Barrett                        Guy Caziano                     Vernon Griffin 
Nelson Wambolt

Secretaries                   Paymaster                   Chaplains 
Stenographers,            Parsons                        Rev. Fohlin 
Clerks                                                               Father Rene Bergeron 
Blanche Burrows 
Margaret Staples 
Marie Gionet                        Doctor 
Agnes O'Malley                    Bill Stecher 
Bev Johnson 
Lorraine Gionet                  House Mother and party organizer 
Delores Gionet                   Mrs. Fieldings 
Rosamund Johnson 
Marion Smith 
Lillian Sullivan

Visiting Music Teacher 
John T. Finnerty

                                        House Parents 
                                        Mr and Mrs Burrows, Cottage #1 1933 
   
From James Porter Deering:
In the years I lived on the ISB grounds (1946-1968) these are the families whose children were my companions growing up

Deering: Joseph & Esther, Ronald, James

Hippler: Robert & Nellie, Phyllis, Robert, Deborah, Fredrick

Madigan: Harold & Mary, William

McNabb: Joseph & Hazel, Maryellen, Dorothy, Robert, David

O’Malley: Mike & …, Kevin, (a sister)

Patterson: Archie & Elizabeth, Ann, Pat

Sanderson: Fred & Elizabeth, Harold (some older siblings)

Struble: John & Janet, Maurine, John, Kathleen

The school was a wonderful place to grow up. The school was agricultural, for the most part, on a 1,000 acre farm. There were cows, horses, pigs, chickens, etc., and large fields for hay and vegetables. For many years the staff children were allowed to intermix with the boys (with supervision, of course). There was a full-sized basketball court, a movie theater, and a large sports area on the eastern fields. For the first 7 years of my life my family lived at the corner of Harvard Road and the north administration building circle road. When I was seven, we moved to the lower road (Wilde Road) when the Landry family moved to down town Shirley and off the grounds. My dad, Joseph Lewis Deering, retired and moved to Great Road, Shirley in 1968.

More information is available at the Town of Shirley Massachusetts Historical Society

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2019-07-28